UMIN-ICDS Clinical Trial
| Unique ID issued by UMIN | UMIN000059639 |
|---|---|
| Receipt number | R000068210 |
| Scientific Title | Chocolate Odor Enhances Resistance Exercise Performance Through Appetite and Affective Pathways in the Fasted State: An Exploratory Study |
| Date of disclosure of the study information | 2025/11/04 |
| Last modified on | 2025/11/04 22:25:22 |
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Basic information
Public title
Effect of Chocolate Odor on Appetite and Resistance Exercise Performance in the Fasted State
Acronym
CHOCO-PERF Study
Scientific Title
Chocolate Odor Enhances Resistance Exercise Performance Through Appetite and Affective Pathways in the Fasted State: An Exploratory Study
Scientific Title:Acronym
CHOCO-PERF Study
Region
| Asia(except Japan) |
Condition
Condition
Appetite regulation and exercise performance in the fasted state (healthy adults)
Classification by specialty
| Adult |
Classification by malignancy
Others
Genomic information
NO
Objectives
Narrative objectives1
This study aims to investigate the effects of chocolate odors (dark and milk chocolate) on appetite perception and resistance exercise performance in the fasted state. The objective is to determine whether olfactory stimulation can modulate exercise capacity through appetite-related and affective pathways.
Basic objectives2
Others
Basic objectives -Others
Exploration of physiological mechanisms underlying the effects of olfactory stimulation on appetite and exercise performance
Trial characteristics_1
Exploratory
Trial characteristics_2
Others
Developmental phase
Not applicable
Assessment
Primary outcomes
The primary outcome is the total number of repetitions completed across all sets during bilateral leg-extension exercise at 80% of 10RM. The total repetitions will be compared among the three odor conditions (dark chocolate, milk chocolate, and water). Assessment timepoint: during each experimental session.
Key secondary outcomes
Key secondary outcomes include (1) total number of sets completed, (2) ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), (3) appetite-related measures (hunger, fullness, desire to eat, prospective food consumption), and (4) odor pleasantness (VAS). These variables are assessed at baseline and at 0, 1, 8, and 15 minutes after odor exposure.
Base
Study type
Interventional
Study design
Basic design
Cross-over
Randomization
Randomized
Randomization unit
Individual
Blinding
Double blind -all involved are blinded
Control
Placebo
Stratification
NO
Dynamic allocation
NO
Institution consideration
Institution is considered as adjustment factor in dynamic allocation.
Blocking
NO
Concealment
No need to know
Intervention
No. of arms
3
Purpose of intervention
Educational,Counseling,Training
Type of intervention
| Other |
Interventions/Control_1
Participants are exposed to a 90% dark chocolate odor for 30 seconds as an olfactory stimulus, followed by appetite assessment (VAS) and resistance exercise (leg extension task).
Interventions/Control_2
Participants are exposed to a 60% milk chocolate odor for 30 seconds as an olfactory stimulus, followed by appetite assessment (VAS) and resistance exercise performance test.
Interventions/Control_3
Participants are exposed to odorless water (control condition) for 30 seconds, followed by the same appetite assessment and resistance exercise task.
Interventions/Control_4
Interventions/Control_5
Interventions/Control_6
Interventions/Control_7
Interventions/Control_8
Interventions/Control_9
Interventions/Control_10
Eligibility
Age-lower limit
| 18 | years-old | <= |
Age-upper limit
| 30 | years-old | >= |
Gender
Male
Key inclusion criteria
Healthy adult men, 18-30 years
Moderately trained: resistance training >=2 sessions/week for >=2 years
Non-smokers
Normal olfactory function (self-reported; no known smell disorder)
Able to attend sessions in the fasted state (8-10 h)
No known allergy to chocolate odors or solvent (propylene glycol)
Provided written informed consent
Key exclusion criteria
History or current diagnosis of metabolic, cardiovascular, neurological, or respiratory diseases
Musculoskeletal injuries or pain that may limit resistance exercise performance
Use of medications or supplements that could influence appetite, olfaction, or performance
(e.g., appetite suppressants, stimulants, or caffeine intake on the test day)
Presence of olfactory dysfunction, acute upper respiratory infection, or severe allergic rhinitis
Known allergy to chocolate, cocoa, or propylene glycol
Target sample size
23
Research contact person
Name of lead principal investigator
| 1st name | Xiaohan |
| Middle name | |
| Last name | Fan |
Organization
Faculty of Sports and Exercise Science, Universiti Malaya
Division name
Division of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sports and Exercise Science
Zip code
50603
Address
Faculty of Sports and Exercise Science, Universiti Malaya, Jalan Universiti, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
TEL
0122488566
fanxiaohan5@gmail.com
Public contact
Name of contact person
| 1st name | Mohamed Nashrudin |
| Middle name | bin |
| Last name | Naharudin |
Organization
Faculty of Sports and Exercise Science, Universiti Malaya
Division name
Division of Exercise Physiology
Zip code
50603
Address
Faculty of Sports and Exercise Science, Universiti Malaya, Jalan Universiti, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Mal
TEL
60379670000
Homepage URL
https://osf.io/gu4e6/
nashrudin@um.edu.my
Sponsor or person
Institute
Faculty of Sports and Exercise Science, Universiti Malaya
Institute
Department
Personal name
Mohamed Nashrudin bin Naharudin
Funding Source
Organization
Self-funded (no external funding support)
Organization
Division
Category of Funding Organization
Other
Nationality of Funding Organization
Faculty of Sports and Exercise Science
Other related organizations
Co-sponsor
None
Name of secondary funder(s)
None
IRB Contact (For public release)
Organization
Universiti Malaya Research Ethics Committee (UMREC)
Address
50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Tel
60379674520
umrec@um.edu.my
Secondary IDs
Secondary IDs
NO
Study ID_1
Org. issuing International ID_1
Study ID_2
Org. issuing International ID_2
IND to MHLW
Institutions
Institutions
マラヤ大学スポーツ・運動科学部（マレーシア）
Other administrative information
Date of disclosure of the study information
| 2025 | Year | 11 | Month | 04 | Day |
Related information
URL releasing protocol
https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/GU4E6
Publication of results
Unpublished
Result
URL related to results and publications
Number of participants that the trial has enrolled
23
Results
Results date posted
Results Delayed
Results Delay Reason
Date of the first journal publication of results
Baseline Characteristics
Participant flow
Adverse events
Outcome measures
Plan to share IPD
IPD sharing Plan description
Progress
Recruitment status
Completed
Date of protocol fixation
| 2024 | Year | 06 | Month | 18 | Day |
Date of IRB
| 2025 | Year | 07 | Month | 12 | Day |
Anticipated trial start date
| 2025 | Year | 07 | Month | 18 | Day |
Last follow-up date
| 2025 | Year | 12 | Month | 18 | Day |
Date of closure to data entry
Date trial data considered complete
Date analysis concluded
Other
Other related information
Management information
Registered date
| 2025 | Year | 11 | Month | 04 | Day |
Last modified on
| 2025 | Year | 11 | Month | 04 | Day |
Link to view the page
Value
https://center6.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/icdr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000068210
