| Condition |
| Condition |
Dementia, Mild Cognitive Impairment, Normal elderly, Lewy body dementia, Cerebrovascular disease, Cerebral infarction, Cerebral contusion, Cerebral hemorrhage, Aftereffect of cerebral hemorrhage, Basilar artery occlusion, Cerebral arteriosclerosis, Multiple cerebral infarction, Cerebral atrophy, Vascular dementia, Chronic subdural hematoma, Parkinson's disease, Parkinsonian syndrome, Bone and joint disease, Osteoporosls, Chronic articular rheumatism, Hemiparesis, Diabetes, Disuse syndrome, Locomotive Syndrome, Sarcopenia and frailty. |
| Classification by specialty |
| Psychiatry |
Rehabilitation medicine |
|
| Classification by malignancy |
Others |
| Genomic information |
NO |
| Assessment |
| Primary outcomes |
The Stroop test is compared before and after intervention for four weeks. |
| Key secondary outcomes |
The neuropsychological testing and assessment for dementia (Mini-Mental State Examination, Instruction manual of the Japanese version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment, A Frontal Assessment Battery at bedside), Geriatric Depression Scale, WHO Quality of Life-BREF, the range of motion of the upper and lower limbs, the short physical performance battery test (balance testing, walk for 4 meters, repeated chair stands), grip strength, toe strength, standing calf raise test, bioelectrical impedance analysis (muscle mass (kg), skeletal muscle mass index (kg/m2), ECW/TBW), and respiratory function test (FVC, FEV1, FIV1). |
| Result |
| URL related to results and publications |
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/10/6202 |
| Number of participants that the trial has enrolled |
90 |
| Results |
We conducted a single-blind randomized controlled trial with 90 healthy older adults who were randomly assigned into the Nordic walking (aerobic exercise), dance (dual-task training with aerobic exercise), or control group. We found that both exercise intervention groups showed improvements in executive function, while the dance group showed additional improvement in global cognitive function. The dance group showed a higher maximum gait speed and more significant improvement in imitation ability. |
| Results date posted |
| 2022 |
Year |
05 |
Month |
31 |
Day |
|
| Results Delayed |
|
| Results Delay Reason |
|
| Date of the first journal publication of results |
|
| Baseline Characteristics |
Among the final 88 participants (mean age, 67.81 years; SD=5.64), no one had ADL issues, 29.55% were women, and 47.73% had full- or part-time jobs. The IADL score was 100%. Moreover, 94.31% had a perfect score for intellectual ADL, while 5.68% did not read the newspaper. For social ADL, 31.82% had a perfect score; the rest had a low score because they refrained from social activities due to COVID19. Furthermore, 56.82% of the participants had no exercise habits, while 18.18% performed regular exercise and 25.00% had exercise habits including competition. Participants had a mean education history of 15.58 years (SD=1.5663). Their MMSE-J scores were above the cutoff of 23 points, with a mean score of 28.20 (SD=1.45) points. The mean MoCA score was 26.80 (SD=1.76) points, which was also above the cutoff of 25 points.
All participants could perform the three standing balance tests (side-by-side, semi-tandem, and tandem) for 10 s and the FTSST. Regarding frailty, 2.27% of the participants mentioned unintentional weight loss of =>5% over the past 2 years. For the GDS-15 sub-item, Do you feel that you are full of vitality?, 25% answered No. Therefore, no participants were classified as frail for more than two items, as per the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Index, and 27.27% of participants were classified as pre-frail (classified as frail for one item).
The mean calf circumference among women was 34.27 cm (SD=2.12), which is above the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) cutoff of 33 cm for sarcopenia. Even for men, the mean calf circumference exceeded the AWGS cutoff of 34 cm, with a mean of 36.32 cm (SD=2.65). The mean maximum grip strength (20.72 kg) in women exceeded the AWGS cutoff of 18 kg for sarcopenia (SD=3.29; range). Similarly, the mean maximum grip strength for men (31.18 kg) exceeded the AWGS cutoff of 28 kg (SD=8.31). The mean SMI for women was 6.03 kg/m2 (SD=0.40), which is above the AWGS cutoff for sarcopenia (5.8 kg/m2). Men also exceeded the AWGS sarcopenia cutoff of 7.0 kg/m2, with a mean of 7.65 kg/m2 (SD=0.76). One participant had a hip prosthesis and five had an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, all of whom were >10 years post-treatment and had a good prognosis. Upon physical examination, 43.18% of participants had osteoarthritis of the knee (27 in one leg and 11 in both legs) |
| Participant flow |
All interventions were conducted at the participants' homes. Each program was performed 3 days per week for 4 weeks, according to the participant's schedule. The participants spread out their training days throughout the week. The participants were required to record notes on their training and protein intake on scheduled days. On the final day of the study, they were asked to submit these notes. To be included in the analysis, they had to attend at least nine out of the 12 sessions. Cognitive and physical functioning was measured before the initiation (pre-test) and after completion (post-test) of the program. |
| Adverse events |
No |
| Outcome measures |
Cognitive function, physical function, imitation ability, gait ability, mood index, and body composition measurements |
| Plan to share IPD |
|
| IPD sharing Plan description |
|
UMIN-CTR Clinical Trial